Children playing on Shabbat

Hello

Are children under bar mitzvah allowed to play on Shabbat and while doing so perform melachot?

Thank you!

Please elaborate with more specifics.

  • can kids play with a parachute toy over a balcony tied to a string to pull it back up again where there is no eruv?

  • carrying a ball in and out of the house where there is no eruv?

  • carrying in and out a go-kart where there is no eruv? Driving such a go-kart on a private but open street?

  • playing at a sand playground by digging and wetting the sand?

  • riding a neighbour’s bike?

The kids are under bar mitzvah. Until how old can they do this before becoming bar mitzvah?

Thank you!

Use your judgment. Chinuch starts when they can understand.

Can understand yes from no, or that he/she is breaking Shabbat?

Aaron’s answer is best.
Use your judgment. Chinuch starts when they can understand.