If you’re short on time in the morning, what parts of Tefillah should you say?
There’s a hierarchy in the Shulchan Aruch that should be followed. Without going into all the details here, if you don’t have time for the entire Pesukei Dezimra, try to at least say Baruch She’amar, Ashrei, the Hallelukas and Yishtabach. Then continue with Yotzer Ohr through Shmoneh Esrei.
From the parts before Baruch Sheamar, which are most essential?
Parashat Tamid is first. Eizehu Mekoman is last. Not exactly sure how to prioritize the rest.