When does shabbos end?

Shabbat
1

Is there a set number of minutes after shkia one can follow for when shabbos ends? Iโ€™ve seen a number of different calculations, from 30 to 72.

2

Depends where in the world you are. In America, 35 minutes after shkia is already night.

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3

Is 35 minutes after shkia also the earliest time to say shema?

4

For sure. At 35 minutes after shkia you can say shema

5

Does the rov have a teshuva about thisโ€™d?

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6

Just to clarify, 20 minutes after sunset is the earliest one may say Shema, 35 min after sunset is when Shabbat ends. The Rav does not have a tesuvah about this.

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7

Interesting. Why are they different times?

8

Thanks. Why the distinction? Both are ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื?

9

Becuase transgressing Shabbat is considered a great sin, we take extra care to wait a little longer to ensure Shabbat has ended. This is a Chumra. If there would be a Halachic conflict, we would rule that Shabbat has ended sooner.

For example, if a baby boy is born Friday night shortly after sunset, say 30 minutes, we would consider the baby to have been born on Shabbat and the Brit Milah would be on the 8th day - Shabbat.
Had the baby been born Saturday night 30 minutes after sundown, the Milah would be performed the following Sunday.

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10

Does the Rav consider 20 minutes to be an acceptable measure of tzeis for ending minor fasts?

11

Yes

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12

Does the Rav have a teshuva on this profound psak
That 30 minutes after shkia one may do melacha eat ืžื•ืฆื ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื™ืจ โ€ฆ

And it sounds that you are saying that ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ which is ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. One may break their fast 20 minutes after shkia

13

I donโ€™t believe the Rav has a teshuva about this. I can tell you that we blow shofar and daven Maariv on ืžื•ืฆื ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื™ืจ at 30 minutes after shkia.

14

What about eating at 30 minutes .

blowing all opinion hold is permitted.

It seems from the fact that the Rav first begins mariv at 30 he probably dosent break his fast till afterwards .

So were do we see that for deroyasa like eating ืžื•ืฆื ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื™ืจ and doing doing milah on shabbos 30 is enuff

15

We all do melacha after 30 minutes. The Rav is of the opinion that 30 minutes after shkia is certainly night time. This is the ruling we heard and continue to hear from the Rav directly.

There is a story that took place some 30 years ago where the Rav spent several nights out on a field where there was no light whatsoever and was watching the stars to determine when night time was. This was relevant for a bris at the time. I dont know all the details of this story but Iโ€™m sure others remember it first hand. The Rav determined that nighttime was well before 72 minutes. Reb Aaron Kotler held 72 minutes and Rav Abadi didnt want to rule differently in Lakewood. The story goes that Rav Aaron Kotler came to Rav Abadi in a dream and the Rav understood that Rav Aaron was giving him permission to rule as he saw fit. Thatโ€™s when the Rav gave a final psak to make the bris on Shabbat that time.

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